Refractive surgery
23 January 2026 2026-01-29 14:18Refractive surgery
Refractive surgery
Refractive surgery is the set of surgical techniques used on millions of people around the world to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Essentially, these are procedures that adjust the focus of the eye so that we can see clearly without needing glasses or contact lenses. There are several different techniques, and each time the one that will offer the best result for each patient is selected. Thanks to technological advances and our experience, these techniques are completely safe and capable of meeting the needs of patients.
The main goal of refractive surgery is to change the curvature of the cornea by reshaping its surface using a laser. The result is that light is focused on the retina, giving us clear vision without glasses. At LVO, there are currently two systems used for this purpose: the Excimer laser MEL90 Carl Zeiss Meditec (GERMANY) and the latest generation Intralase iFS Femtosecond Laser from AMO (USA). Both lasers are highly accurate and directional, capable of correcting the main refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) in the cornea, as well as errors that affect the detail of the focus (high-order aberrations).
In cases of patients with specific characteristics that do not allow laser treatment, or with very high refractive errors, it is possible to perform
Refractive Surgery & Military Academies
Military academies and security forces set specific requirements for the vision of candidates for admission. A refractive error is grounds for rejection, even if the candidate meets all other admission criteria for these schools.
Each military academy sets its own criteria, depending on the job requirements of its officers. Some accept candidates who have 10/10 visual acuity even with glasses or contact lenses, but others require that this visual acuity be achieved without aids (glasses, contact lenses).
Most schools accept candidates who have had their refractive vision problem corrected, while others accept them only if the correction has been performed using a specific invasive method.
The Vision and Optics Laboratory performs all refractive surgery techniques for the correction of any refractive vision problem.
Frequently asked questions about refractive surgery:
<mark><small>Is refractive surgery right for me?</small></mark>
1. Am I a candidate for refractive surgery?
In order to proceed with the surgery you have: -to be at least 17 years old -not to suffer from chronic retinal or corneal diseases or any other eye pathology -to have more than one degree of myopia/hyperopia/astigmatism -stable refractive error for at least a year -not to be pregnant or recently have given birth if you are a woman -to ask your cardiologist in case you have a pacemaker.
2. How can I contact VEIC?
For information and appointments please call 0030 – 2810371800 from Monday to Friday (8:30 – 16:30) or send an email at veic@med.uoc.gr
3. What is the preoperative control?
The preoperative control will determine whether refractive surgery is suitable for your eyes which procedure is the best for you. This controls takes 2 – 3 hours and during it you may discuss with your doctor all your worries and get answers to all your questions. In case you wear contact lenses you have to remove them at least 1 month before the preoperative control. Surgery can take place the next day, if you agree.
Please avoid driving after your preoperative control. Eating and smoking inside VEIC are prohibited.
4. Which is the surgical procedure?
Surgery lasts 10 – 15 minutes for both eyes. Only local anaesthesia with eye drops is needed. You do not have to worry since the whole procedure is simple and painless and results are immediately obvious. The doctor will place a threurapeutical contact lens in both of your eyes at the end of surgery. This lens helps the wound healing and will be removed only by your doctor within 3-4 days after surgery. You have to follow carefully all advices of your doctor and please do not forget to bring a pair of dark eyeglasses with you.
Please avoid driving after your surgery
5. When will I be able to see fine?
Your vision will be a blurred during the first day after surgery, but you will be able to move around and care for your personal hygiene. The next day your vision will be better but the third day you will notice a reduction in visual acuity, due to the normal process of the wound healing. You should worry about that, it is transient. In general you will be able to return to your normal activity within 2 – 5 days after surgery. Your life without glasses starts immediately! Please keep in mind that for the next 6 months your refraction may have variances.
6. How much does it cost?
Each procedure has a different cost. You will get an exact estimation of the cost after your preoperative control. In any case refractive surgery is much more economical that glasses or contact lenses. For a first rough estimation of the cost please contact our secretariat. All incomes of VEIC are managed by the Special Research Account of the University of Crete and are used for research promotion and financing.
7. Can the cost of the procedure be covered by my insurance fund?
Some private insurance companies and certain public insurance funds (e.g., TSEMEDE) cover the cost of the procedure or part of it. Please contact your insurance provider for clarification.
7. Is surgery painful?
During surgery anaesthetic drops are used, thus it is painless. You may feel uncomfortable the day of surgery. Some sleep and a painkiller will help you a lot to calm down. Your eyes will have a sensitivity to light for some days after surgery.
8. Is the result permanent?
Based on the results of numerous clinical tests, refractive correction is permanent. The only exception is cases that our vision changes due to our age (ie presbyopia) or other special conditions. In these cases additional correction might be needed.
10. Are there any dangers?
The chances for serious comlications are minimum. A lot of experience is acquired during the past 20 years and we can now support that complications of refractive surgery are less possible than an infection due to the use of contact lenses.
11. “Zero points” or residual myopia?
Our goal is to free you from contact lenses and glasses and offer you a more comfortable life. You may belong to a group of patients who, due to age or eye use (reading, computers, etc.), are not satisfied with “zero degrees.” In this case, your doctor will recommend that you leave a small degree of myopia.
9. Residual myopia/hyperopia/astigmatism?
Residual refractive error less than +- 1 degree may be left due to unexpected reaction of your eye to the laser beam. In any case you can be competely active at your work and personal life without glasses or contact lenses. We do not recommend a second procedure for residual refractive error except from the case of residual error >1 degree. Then a second surgery will take place within 6 months after the first one free of charge.
If you approach the age that presbyopia comes up (35 – 40 years old), your myopia may be knowingly undercorrected in your non-dominant eye. This way you will be able to have a satisfying near vision without glasses for long.
13. Can presbyopia be corrected? How does it affect my myopia?
Presbyopia is an eye condition that occurs after the age of 40. In people with myopia, presbyopia works in reverse and one condition balances the other. In recent years, the development of effective and permanent surgical treatment for presbyopia has been the subject of intensive research, and today we are able to apply satisfactory correction techniques.
11. Which symptoms should worry me after surgery?
Each refractive procedure has its own technical characteristics and thus it is accompanied by different symptoms during the first postoperative days (0-10 days). You should follow your doctor’s instructions carefully and contact him immediately in case:
1. pain is intolerable
2. your eye is strongly red
3. you feel that your eye throbs
4. the contact lens is removed
DO NOT RE-PLACE THE CONTACT LENS IN YOUR EYE! CONTACT US AND YOUR DOCTOR WILL PLACE A NEW CONTACT LENS IN IT!
12. How often should I be postoperatively examined?
The first few days after surgery and until we remove the therapeutical contact lens you will have to come almost every day for a short examination. Follow ups are arranged in 1,3,6,9 months and 1 year after surgery. Then you may come once a year for a routine control of your refraction. Your personal ophthalmologist could also run your follow up controls. In this case our secretariat will provide you with the “Postoperative Control Form” that should be completed and sent to us by your ophthalmologist.
13. What is VEIC and why should I choose it for my surgery?
VEIC (Vardinoyanion Eye Institute of Crete) is a laboratory of the Medical School of the University of Crete. It is a leader in research, education and health services provision in the field of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences. The LASIK procedure for the correction of myopia was firstly applied in VEIC in 1989 by its founder and Director Prof. IG Pallikaris.
In our Institute, many scientists from different fields are employed: medical doctors, physicists, optometrists, biologists, biomedical engineers, since we strongly believe that team work and collaboration result in progress of science. VEIC is an International Ophthalmology Training Center and is recognised by International Societies such as ISRS, ASCRS, ESCRS and the LASIK Institute of USA.
Although more surgical procedures of refractive surgery are quite simple, they presume experience in preoperative control in order to choose the most suitable technique and to ensure that the refraction correction will be correct. Our Institute’s first priority is your safety and satisfaction. We believe that each patient is unique and has special needs. We have the longest experience in performing LASIK worldwide and we afford medical equipment of the most modern technology such as the 5th generation IFS Femtoecond Laser. All medical doctors who work in our Institute are continuously trained and informed about developments in the field refractive surgery.
17. What is the LVO?
The LVO is a laboratory of the Department of Neurology and Sensory Organs of the Medical School of the University of Crete. For 20 consecutive years, it has been at the forefront of research, education, and the provision of medical health services. It is the first refractive center in Greece and in the world to develop and apply the LASIK technique for the correction of myopia.
A key advantage of our laboratory is the presence of a team of highly trained scientists from various disciplines, who have set as their scientific goal research related to vision and normal optics.
LVO’s research achievements are numerous and internationally recognized. LVO is a training center in refractive surgery for ophthalmologists from around the world and is recognized by the International Society of Refractive Surgery (ISRS), the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS), the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ASCRS), and the LASIK Institute (USA).
18. How do I get to the LVO?
The map provides directions on how to get to LVO. LVOis located at the Medical School of the University of Crete. Signposts will guide you to wing 5C of the Medical School.
From the Airport / City Center
- Find the first exit for the National Highway.
- Continue towards Rethymno.
- Take the last exit for Heraklion (Mires/PAGNI).
- Turn right (Mires/PAGNI).
- At the first traffic lights, turn right (towards PAGNI).
- After one kilometer, at the intersection, turn right (Voutes).
- After one kilometer, you will see the Medical School on your left.